Cardiology & Heart Diseases

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that affects your coronary arteries, which supply blood to your heart. With CAD, plaque build-up narrows or blocks one or more of your coronary arteries. Chest discomfort is the most common symptom. CAD can lead to a heart attack or other complications like arrhythmia or heart failure. A clot can be sometimes obstructing blood flow, causing serious health problems. Coronary arteries create the network of blood vessels on the surface of the heart that feeds it oxygen. If these arteries narrow the heart may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, mainly during physical activity. Sometimes CAD can be lead to a heart attack. Complications- Mild or crushing chest pain Sweating Shortness of breath Coughing A gray pallor in the face etc

Pericardial Disease is inflammation of any layers of the pericardium. The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart and consists of: Visceral pericardium is an inner layer that envelopes the entire heart. This pericardium is a thin fibroelastic sac composed of two-layers that separate the heart from the surrounding mediastinal structures. The outer layer of the pericardium is referred as the fibrous pericardium and usually measures less than 2mm in thickness. This inner portion of the pericardium is a two-layered sac called the serous pericardium. Pericarditis pain can usually be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Prescription-strength pain relievers also may be used. This drug reduces inflammation in the body. Acute pericarditis Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis

Pulmonary Circulation provides physicians with a greater understanding of the structure, function and pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation. It gives comprehensive coverage from diagnosis and clinical evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension to explaining techniques, disorders and treatment. In most cases of pulmonary hypertension, the pulmonary circulation retains its ability to swell or to contract further, because of the release of vasoconstrictor as well as vasodilator mediators. Lung disease Autoimmune disease Heart failure

Neurocardiology is the study of neurophysiological, neurological and neuroanatomical aspects of cardiology including mainly the neurological origins of cardiac disorders. The effects of stress on the heart can be studied in terms of the heart's interactions with both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Clinical issues in Neurocardiology include hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cerebral embolism and encephalopathy, neurologic sequelae of cardiac and thoracic surgery and cardiac interventions, and cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological disease. Neurocardiology is an emerging area stimulating the collaboration between neurologists, stroke physicians and cardiologists in clinical and research aspects of the brain and heart relationship. The neurocardiac axis is the link to cause many problems regarding the physiological functions of the body. This includes- Cardiac ischemia Stroke Epilepsy Heart arrhythmia