Cardiology & Heart Diseases

Pericardial Disease is inflammation of any layers of the pericardium. The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart and consists of: Visceral pericardium is an inner layer that envelopes the entire heart. This pericardium is a thin fibroelastic sac composed of two-layers that separate the heart from the surrounding mediastinal structures. The outer layer of the pericardium is referred as the fibrous pericardium and usually measures less than 2mm in thickness. This inner portion of the pericardium is a two-layered sac called the serous pericardium. Pericarditis pain can usually be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Prescription-strength pain relievers also may be used. This drug reduces inflammation in the body. Acute pericarditis Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis

Pulmonary Circulation provides physicians with a greater understanding of the structure, function and pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation. It gives comprehensive coverage from diagnosis and clinical evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension to explaining techniques, disorders and treatment. In most cases of pulmonary hypertension, the pulmonary circulation retains its ability to swell or to contract further, because of the release of vasoconstrictor as well as vasodilator mediators. Lung disease Autoimmune disease Heart failure

Neurocardiology is the study of neurophysiological, neurological and neuroanatomical aspects of cardiology including mainly the neurological origins of cardiac disorders. The effects of stress on the heart can be studied in terms of the heart's interactions with both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Clinical issues in Neurocardiology include hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cerebral embolism and encephalopathy, neurologic sequelae of cardiac and thoracic surgery and cardiac interventions, and cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological disease. Neurocardiology is an emerging area stimulating the collaboration between neurologists, stroke physicians and cardiologists in clinical and research aspects of the brain and heart relationship. The neurocardiac axis is the link to cause many problems regarding the physiological functions of the body. This includes- Cardiac ischemia Stroke Epilepsy Heart arrhythmia

Congenital heart disease is referred to one or more problems with the heart structure that are present at birth. These abnormalities happened when the heart or blood vessels don't form correctly in utero. A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. Serious congenital heart defects usually are noticed soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Types of Congenital Heart Disease- Patent ductus arteriosus Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Atrioventricular canal

  Too much inflammation from COVID-19 infection can further harm the heart and disrupt the electrical signals that help it to beat properly. This can also reduce the heart's pumping ability and either lead to an abnormal heart rhythm or worsen an existing rhythm problem. Coronavirus can cause dangerous inflammation in the heart or myocarditis, which prevents the heart from doing its job effectively. It is becoming increasingly clear that the coronavirus can cause a dramatic increase in blood clots throughout the body. Blood clots can happen when your blood forms gel-like clumps. Lack of oxygen Myocarditis Stress cardiomyopathy

A heart transplant is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease, when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. Heart transplant surgery used to remove the diseased heart from a person and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor. Heart failure is a disease in which the heart muscle is failing severely in its attempt to pump blood through the body. Some patients are less suitable for a heart transplant, mainly if they have other circulatory conditions related to their heart condition. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient. Some causes of heart failure include Heart attack High blood pressure Alcoholism or drug abuse Low red blood cell count (anemia) Viral infection of the heart muscle COPD Sweating